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6 Smart Grid Functions of Intelligent Protection Relays Technology Articles | October 27 Wholesale Jared McCann Jersey , 2015

Intelligent electronic devices today are able to carry out an astonishing array of powerful functions. Through rapid evolution, intelligent modules are consistently added and these advances are game changing in utilities development. Intelligent protection relays can protect, monitor, control and measure grid conditions in real time all the way through the grid to distribution substations. Through device writing functions and relay system settings Wholesale Jamie McGinn Jersey , values can be changed and separately stored.



Protection


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An intelligent protection relay is first and foremost an intelligent electronic device that uses a microprocessor. Performing around 5-12 protection functions, these microprocessors detect faults and performs protective tasks like over-current release and reclosing using the relay inputs of current and voltage signals received via transformers. Extensive protection of three-phase lines is possible. Data is permanently stored, even if power is lost.


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Measurement


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Today’s intelligent protection relays perform the accurate measurement of a number of factors related to current and voltage. Measuring current, voltage Wholesale Mike Hoffman Jersey , apparent power, active power, reactive power, power factor and frequency Wholesale James Reimer Jersey , and even phasors, these digital relays are able to measure and respond protectively according to presets programmed in when the relay is first connected. Accurate readings and set responses enable the grid to perform in more predictable ways.


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Monitoring and Control


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Advanced monitoring and diagnostics are possible using intelligent protection relays. This level of effective monitoring and control has effects throughout the network. Radical changes in security, reliability and grid efficiency is possible through these highly automated processes that can be verified remotely in real time. Using these relays, outages can be reduced and fault areas limited and rapidly cleared from the grid.


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Interlock Logic


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Interlock schemes are usually hardwired with interlock status contacts to prevent unsafe switching when the intelligent protection relays operate in manual modes. These interlock schemes are state stable Wholesale Nick Bjugstad Jersey , failsafe and robust. Logic-based interlocking operations are performed via computer using buttons, switches or toggles on a video or panel interface.


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Self Diagnosis


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Intelligent protection relays can self diagnose. For events to be recorded and quick responses to faults made possible, the relays are fitted with a self diagnostic function. This allows the permanent monitoring of operation states and standard follow up activity once any problem sensed by the intelligent protection relay system. Messages will be displayed on an LED screen or panel, enabling response by dedicated personnel or in some instances Wholesale Troy Brouwer Jersey , automated self healing.


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Communications


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The communications capability of intelligent protection relays allow for high communication speeds. The current measured values can be easily identified through each phase. Operation states, event data, fault data and self diagnosis information can be accessed in real time. Interoperability between intelligent electronic devices is possible using USB ports. Energy efficiencies and reduced manpower contribute to the grid becoming less of a burden on resources.


Succession Planning: Problems Getting Started Business Articles | July 4, 2005

A survey released by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants in the spring of 2005 illustrates a widespread problem on the lack of succession planning [deciding who will take over running the firm when the current managers die or retire]. The survey found that 60% of responding certified public accountant (CPA) firms have owners who are in the 55-to-62-year-old age bracket Wholesale Jonathan Huberdeau Jersey , and more than half (56%) have at least one partner who will retire in the next five years. However, according to the survey, 81% of these firms still do not have a written succession plan in place. Among those firms with annual revenues under $150,000 Wholesale Aaron Ekblad Jersey , the percentage rose to 96%. If we polled small businesses in other fields, the percentages would be comparable: around 80% of small business owners have no succession plans.



Similarly, the Canadian Federation of Independent Business (CFIB) reports about 40% of small and medium business owners in Canada plan to leave or retire in the next five years, and 70% plan to leave or retire within 10 years. However Wholesale Keith Yandle Jersey , roughly two-thirds of the 4,300 Canadian businesses that responded to the federation?s survey have completed no succession planning. Small and medium businesses account for about half of the jobs in the Canadian economy, and potentially more than two million jobs could be at risk to inadequate succession planning.


For many of these small and medium business owners, the practices they have built up are their most valuable assets as well as their primary retirement assets. But these owners believe they have plenty of time to arrange for succession. Many business owners put off dealing with succession because it is the least urgent matter on their plate. Too often business owners cannot stand the idea of letting go of an entity they created and for which they toiled to achieve success. Apparently Wholesale Roberto Luongo Jersey , these small and medium business owners need assistance both in formulating plans and in actual transitioning to future managers and owners of the firm.


Succession planning, like tax planning, is just good common sense and should be a natural part of good business practices. As soon as business ow. Wholesale Hats Wholesale Jerseys China Cheap Jerseys Wholesale Cheap NHL Jerseys China Wholesale Soccer Shirts Wholesale Hoodies Wholesale Hats Wholesale MLB Shirts Wholesale Soccer Hoodies Wholesale NFL Hats